The number of people or other subjects (e.g., animals, cells, cities) being examined in a study.
Indicates the probability (denoted by a p-value) that a study's finding is a true effect, rather than having occurred just by chance alone. A p-value of < .05 (5 percent) is commonly considered to be statistically significant.
A separate, downloadable document containing additional information about a scientific paper's methods and results.
Outcome measures serving as sometimes-distant proxies for the actual outcomes being assessed. For example, a drug study might measure blood pressure as an indicator of heart disease risk.
